Female Genital Mutilation And Human Rights Violations

When a human rights violation occurs, the violated individual is deprived of his or her basic freedoms—the right to life, liberty, and security. When individuals experience human rights violations it is not of their own volition. An individual does not choose to partake in the wrongdoing and thus did not give explicit permission or consent to the practice. While the concept of consent is a fundamental principle in western societies, all communities and people are vulnerable to human rights violations. No individual, regardless of his or her society’s level of development or an element of his or her individual identity— socioeconomic status, ability, nationality, race, religion, gender, or sexuality—is immune. However, certain groups of people are more likely to experience human rights violations than others. Even today, many societies still stereotype women as weak or inferior beings. Due to this stigmatization, women are more likely to suffer limitations of their human rights. Such violations include female genital cutting (FGC), also referred to as female genital mutilation, the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia and human trafficking. There are four types of FGC— clitoridectomy, excision, infibulation, and other miscellaneous mutilations (Refworld 1995: 5). Human trafficking takes on many forms, not just sexual exploitation, and does not require crossing a border as its name suggests (UNODC 2016). While there are different types of traffickingShow MoreRelatedFemale Genital Mutilation : A Violation Of Human Rights1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines female genital mutilation (FGM) as â€Å"all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons.† There are four classifications of female genital mutilation: type I consists of the removal of the prepuce; type II is the removal of the clitoris and labia minora; type III is the removal of the external genitalia and the restrictingRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation: A Violation of Human Rights Essay3246 Words   |  13 PagesFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is an ancient traditional non-therapeutic surgical procedure that involves total or partial removal of the external parts of female genitalia. This paper aimed to define and classify FGM, identifies the prevalence, describes reasons for performing the practice, and concentrates on the problems associated to this practice with regard to women’s health, religious beliefs, and socio-cultural, behavioral and moral consequences. Researches and survey reports that the globalRead More Female Genital Mutilation: A Gross Violation of Human Rights4218 Words   |  17 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation (FGM) has often been viewed as a rite of passage for women in various countries within Africa, South America, the Middle East and Asia. However, due to societal norms and pressures, whether it based in culture or religion, forces women to partake in a practice that has serious health risks and takes away the rights of women who believe they have no other choice. The Universal Declaration of Human rights are applicable to all member states including most of the countriesRead MoreThe Contribution Of The Enlightenment Era1725 Words   |  7 Pagesand philosophy the idea of human rights was first introduced. Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke wrote articles regarding the role of the individual and the role the individual plays in society. They elaborated on how governments are supposed to respect and honor the inalienable human rights attained during birth. The ideas that were presented during this time period have continued to have an impact in today’s society and provide an understanding of how humans around the world, regardlessRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation And Wo men1250 Words   |  5 PagesBackground: Female Genital Mutilation refers to several manners of conducting operations of women and girls, involving the partial or total removal of external genitalia. This practice is considered a traditional practice amongst many people and communities throughout the world. While the practice has been ongoing for centuries it has been deemed a human rights violation on the grounds that it inflicts harm on females, including damaging them in a physChapter one: Introduction 1.1 Background: Female GenitalRead MoreFemale Circumcision Or Female Genital Mutilation1551 Words   |  7 PagesFemale circumcision or Female Genital mutilation is a term utilized to describe a wide range of traditional practices in relation to female circumcision. This study addresses the practice within the Maasai communities of Tanzania and Kenya, Africa. This study will address this practice by looking at the historical and cultural context of the people, procedure, the various beliefs in the world, and within the community. Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background: Female Genital Mutilation refersRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation : When A Cultural Practice Develops Clinical And Ethical Dilemmas861 Words   |  4 PagesGibeau, Anne M. 1998. Female Genital Mutilation: When a Cultural Practice Generates Clinical and Ethical Dilemmas. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic Neonatal Nursing 27 (1): 85-91. Female genital mutilation may be currently reaching a changing point in its history. It is a cultural practice that is considered to have long standing importance but female genital mutilation presents to most developed nations a need for education and a need to clarify ethical dilemmas regarding it. In most casesRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation Introduction Pain, shame, lack of ability to reproduce. Marie, who suffers from each of these symptoms, is one of the many women from Africa who have suffered from female genital mutilation. When Marie was only two years old, she had her clitoris and labia cut off. Since then, she has moved to New York yet is still suffering from the many consequences you get from female genital mutilation. Female genital mutilation, also known as FGM, is a very common procedure primarilyRead MoreFemale Circumsion1179 Words   |  5 Pagessituation where lives of people are put at risk. An eminent practice which is taken into attention is female genital mutilation. This writing shall discuss clashes between human rights and cultural relativism with my personal stance about these two ethical dilemmas. Female genital mutilation is considered as unlawful act by many people while in several cultures it is a common cultural practice. â€Å"Female circumcision is mainly carried out in western and southern Asia, the Middle East and large areasRead MoreFemale Genital Mutilation And Women Essay2346 Words   |  10 PagesFemale Genital Mutilation in Egypt The term female genital mutilation or cutting refers to â€Å"all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genital or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons† (WHO, 4). The practice of female genital mutilation dates back over 2000 years ago, and is thought to have originated in Egypt as a sign of nobility. However, the practice now holds a deeply rooted inequality between the sexes and remains a severe form of discrimination

The Garden Of Love Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Garden Of Love Argumentative Essay ?The Garden of Love? is, quite obviously, a poem about life and the pursuit of happiness. It is also about the effects that negativity can have on love. Blake uses religion to convey the idea that negativity pervades and corrupts all life?(51 n.9), further supporting it with his use of rhyme scheme and imagery. In searching for love people often times emerge scarred and hostile from their fruitless efforts. Some continue to have faith in the idea of love and its possibilities, others do not. These folk sometimes seek refuge from their pain in a variety of houses. It is just as often that these refugees project their negative attitudes onto others that search for love and happiness. People who fear love can prevent others from finding it, because they change the positive surroundings to suit their negative world. the conflict between organized religion and the individual is the constant idea throughout the poem. Blake, himself, despised the Church, as an institution rather than an ide a, and used religious symbols to show how structured religion can destroy the lover and creator within. A chapel has been built, perverting a once pure and loving environment. In inspecting the chapel, the persona feels only negativity from a religious house, as the gates are shut ?And Thou shalt not writ over the door?(6). Not only has man and machine invaded this place once full of life, but they have also brought with them negative commandments. The negative phrase, ?Thou shalt not? defies the instructions in Deuteronomy to write ?Thou shalt?- a positive commandment- ?upon the posts of they house and on thy gates,? supporting the notion that ?negative commandments pervade and corrupt all life?(51 n.9). Other images are used to represent individual and Church, positive and negative. He uses words that exude life and breath, such as ?green, love, bore,? and ?sweet flowers.? These are all positive images that support the individuals search for creativity and love within the natural environment(pre-Church). Blake uses negative images to represent the Church, which in turn conveys the effects that negativity and pessimism can have on positive things. Negativity can often overpower positivity. In ?The Garden of Love? negative images invade a positive environment and change it to suit its needs. The Church tears apart the natural environment in order to create a church, shuts the gates to keep out evil and poor people, and replacing the Garden of Love with a garden of death by substituting tombstones for flowers. Blake uses words that imply darkness and negativity, such as ?new building, gates, graves, black gowns,? and ?briars.? The positive images that are present in the first stanza of the poem eventually disappear and the poem is overflowing with negatives. ?And I saw it was filled with graves,/And tomb-stones where flowers should be:/And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds,/And binding with briars, my joys ; desires?(9-12). The images of innocen ce and life that introduced the persona finds her place of refuge overgrown with darkness and infected with limitations. As Jean Hagstrum said, ?It is always the institutional Urizen who perverts natural life. In the garden of love in Experience stands an altar, and priests read commands from a book on a lectern? (531). What used to be a place lush with life and hope is being confined by negativity. Blakes use of conflicting imagery shows how negativity is infectious and limits love. Blake also uses the persona to show the effects of negativity on positivity. The persona changes throughout the poem as the influence of the organized Church on the environment increases. In the beginning, the voice is innocent, pure, open, and exploring, saying, ?I went to the Garden of Love,/and saw what I never had seen?/Where I used to play on the green? (1-4). The voice was individualistic and not influenced by any powers other than her own. However, as the poem progresses and the persona experienc es more negativity, that voice changes. In the final lines, with the addition of internal rhyme scheme, the voice seems trapped and confused. ?And Priests in black gowns, were walking their rounds,/And binding with briars, my joys desires?(11-12). In the first two stanzas of the poem, it consists of an a, b, c, b rhyme scheme or end rhyme. The end rhyme gives the sense that the poem is only half of a nursery rhyme; it is an incomplete, but happy ending. The pattern is particularly effective when the a and c lines are negative. For example, in line 5, Blake says, ?And the gates of this Chapel were shut.? By ending the line with ?shut,? it gives the reader a sense that there are unanswered questions; it is a hopeless situation, where there is no possibility of opening the gates. Line 5 is a statement- a declaration, or sorts, of impossibility and hopelessness- without a rhyming word to imply a happy ending. However, the last stanza maximized this feeling of confusion, as there was no end rhyme, only internal rhyme. The internal rhyme gives a feeling of rushed and lost hysteria, because the rhyme was much tighter, as well as giving a sense of hopelessness. Through his use of rhyme scheme, Blake effectively conveyed the idea of cultivating the creator within and the effects of organized religion on the individual. Had Blake used a different rhyme scheme or voice, the subtle nuances or hopelessness, frenzy, or confusion would have been lost to a totally different purpose. With each negative aspect of the Churchs presence that the persona encountered, its hopeful and explorative nature became increasingly influenced by religious standards, therefore losing its positive and loving qualities. Blake also uses religion as an effective means of showing the denial of love. By convention, religion is sought after as a refuge, usually by people who cannot deal with issues in their own life. In this instance, priests, who deny love through adopting the vow of celibacy, do n ot even allow the persona the opportunity to explore love, as they have taken over the only environment that has symbolized positivity. The priests, dressed in cloaks the color of death, fulfill their duties to the church by ?walking their rounds.? They strangle the love and joy of a person, allowing the piercing thorns of briars to overgrow(Blake 52). Even in seeking out a priest for advice on love, how could the priest possibly give valuable and true advice? He is limited by his own feelings of duty towards rules set by an institution and not by himself. Celibacy is not a natural act of the human body, as love is, but something entirely foreign and centered in the mind. The religious institution follows a series of laws and motions that love does not. In ?The Garden of Love,? the church expects the natural act and emotion of love to follow these motions, which is entirely unnatural, just as it is unnatural to be celibate and deny emotion for another human being. ?The result is no less cruel-the banishment of daylight love for nighttime deceit, the repression and perversion of the young into the gray and palsied sufferings of the old?(Hagstrum 531). The negative and confining nature of the Church and celibacy prevent the young, positive nature of love from existing and exploring. ?The Garden of Love? is a true testament to how easily negative energy and negative surroundings can wound and infect a positive environment. Negativity spreads like a disease, disrupting the easy and natural optimistic heart. Blake conveys this point with the convenient use of a confining institution such as the Church, which he further supports with a fine use of imagery and an effective incomplete rhyme scheme and voice. He quite easily showed that the negativity others accept through their life experiences end up robbing others of their innocence, as they choose not to process their emotions, but dwell in them. Poetry .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 , .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .postImageUrl , .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 , .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:hover , .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:visited , .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:active { border:0!important; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:active , .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570 .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u32bb7359602033a95c6d1a8e783f2570:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frado Our Nig Essay

A Federalist Government essays

A Federalist Government essays The Constitution guarantees a federalist government by stating in the tenth amendment that ,The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or the people. The framers did this to prevent a single person, or group of people to gain too much power. One example of the Federal system at work is that the state of North Dakota does not require voters to register in order to cast their votes. While other states choose to require their voters to register. While Federalism allows state governments to handle their local issues, the National government can deal with issues of defense and foreign affairs. If a certain state were to need help, the Federal governments resources, and other states may be joined together to help the state in need. The supreme court has the authority to change laws in both statutory law and in administrative law, as well. This authority lies in the judicial review. Judicial review was first adopted in MARBURY v. MADISON. It is what guards against a tyrannical government, which might enact, laws which could strip us of individual rights and personal freedoms, guaranteed to us in our Constitution. One example is BUSH, George W. v. PALM BEACH CUNTY CANVASSING BOARD, ET AL. The question was Whether post-election judicial limitations on the discretion granted by the legislature to state executive officials to certify election results, and/or post-election judicially created standards for the determination of controversies concerning the appointment of presidential electors, violate the Due Process Clause or 3 U.S.C. s 5, which requires that a State resolve controversies relating to the appointment of electors under "laws enacted prior to" election day. The United States Constitution (Article IV: Section 1.) ...

Alphabetical Electron Configuration List of all Elements

Alphabetical Electron Configuration List of all Elements This is an alphabetical electron configuration list of all the elements of the periodic table. While the electronic structure of the lighter elements is well-studied, once you get to the heavier man-made elements, these configurations are predicted or calculated based on periodic table trends. Configurations are estimated from dubnium (element 105) up to ununoctium (element 118). Note the configurations are listed using the noble gas core notation. So, for example, neon is written using this shorthand as [He]2s22p6 rather than 1s22s22p6. The electron configurations of the newly discovered super-heavy elements are predicted. Electrons travel at relativistic speeds in these atoms, so unusual behavior might occur. You may also view the electron configurations of the first 104 elements in order of atomic number. Actinium - [Rn]6d17s2Aluminum  -  [Ne]3s23p1Americium  -  [Rn]5f77s2Antimony  -  [Kr]4d105s25p3Argon  -  [Ne]3s23p6Arsenic  -  [Ar]3d104s24p3Astatine  -  [Xe]4f145d106s26p5Barium  -  [Xe]6s2Berkelium  -  [Rn]5f97s2Beryllium  -  [He]2s2Bismuth  -  [Xe]4f145d106s26p3Bohrium  -  [Rn]5f146d57s2Boron  -  [He]2s22p1Bromine  -  [Ar]3d104s24p5Cadmium  -  [Kr]4d105s2Calcium  -  [Ar]4s2Californium  -  [Rn]5f107s2Carbon  -  [He]2s22p2Cerium  -  [Xe]4f15d16s2Cesium  -  [Xe]6s1Chlorine  -  [Ne]3s23p5Chromium  -  [Ar]3d54s1Cobalt  -  [Ar]3d74s2Copernicium (formerly ununbium)  -  [Rn]5f146d107s2Copper  -  [Ar]3d104s1Curium  -  [Rn]5f76d17s2Darmstadtium  -  [Rn]5f146d97s1Dubnium  -  [Rn]5f146d37s2Dysprosium  -  [Xe]4f106s2Einsteinium  -  [Rn]5f117s2Erbium  -  [Xe]4f126s2Europium  -  [Xe]4f76s2Fermium  -  [Rn]5f127s2Flerovium (formerly ununquadium)  -  [Rn]5f146d107s27p2 Fluorine  -  [He]2s22p5Francium  -  [Rn]7s1Gadolinium  -  [Xe]4f75d16s2Gallium  -  [Ar]3d104s24p1Germanium  -  [Ar]3d104s24p2Gold  -  [Xe]4f145d106s1Hafnium  -  [Xe]4f145d26s2Hassium  -  [Rn]5f146d67s2Helium  -  1s2Holmium  -  [Xe]4f116s2Hydrogen  -  1s1Indium  -  [Kr]4d105s25p1Iodine  -  [Kr]4d105s25p5Iridium  -  [Xe]4f145d76s2Iron  -  [Ar]3d64s2Krypton  -  [Ar]3d104s24p6Lanthanum  -  [Xe]5d16s2Lawrencium  -  [Rn]5f147s27p1Lead  -  [Xe]4f145d106s26p2Lithium  -  [He]2s1Livermorium (formerly ununhexium)  -  [Rn]5f146d107s27p4Lutetium  -  [Xe]4f145d16s2Magnesium  -  [Ne]3s2Manganese  -  [Ar]3d54s2Meitnerium  -  [Rn]5f146d77s2Mendelevium  -  [Rn]5f137s2Mercury  -  [Xe]4f145d106s2Molybdenum  -  [Kr]4d55s1Moscovium - [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p3 (predicted)Neodymium  -  [Xe]4f46s2Neon  -  [He]2s22p6Neptunium  -  [Rn]5f46d17s2Nickel  -  [Ar]3d84s2Nihonium - [R n] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p1 (predicted)Niobium  -  [Kr]4d45s1Nitrogen  -  [He]2s22p3Nobelium  -  [Rn]5f147s2s2Oganesson - [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p6 (predicted)Osmium  -  [Xe]4f145d66s2Oxygen  -  [He]2s22p4Palladium  -  [Kr]4d10Phosphorus  -  [Ne]3s23p3Platinum  -  [Xe]4f145d96s1Plutonium  -  [Rn]5f67s2Polonium  -  [Xe]4f145d106s26p4Potassium  -  [Ar]4s1Praseodymium  -  [Xe]4f36s2Promethium  -  [Xe]4f56s2Protactinium  -  [Rn]5f26d17s2Radium  -  [Rn]7s2Radon  -  [Xe]4f145d106s26p6Rhenium  -  [Xe]4f145d56s2Rhodium  -  [Kr]4d85s1Roentgenium  -  [Rn]5f146d107s1Rubidium  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Kr]5s1Ruthenium  -  Ã‚  Ã‚  [Kr]4d75s1Rutherfordium  -  [Rn]5f146d27s2Samarium  -  [Xe]4f66s2Scandium  -  [Ar]3d14s2Seaborgium  -  [Rn]5f146d47s2Selenium  -  [Ar]3d104s24p4Silicon  -  [Ne]3s23p2Silver  -  [Kr]4d105s1Sodium  -  [Ne]3s1Strontium  -  [Kr]5s2Sulfur  -  [Ne]3s23p4Tanta lum  -  [Xe]4f145d36s2Technetium  -  [Kr]4d55s2Tellurium  -  [Kr]4d105s25p4Tennessine - [Rn] 5f14  6d10  7s2  7p5 (predicted)Terbium  -  [Xe]4f96s2Thallium  -  [Xe]4f145d106s26p1Thorium  -  [Rn]6d27s2Thulium  -  [Xe]4f136s2Tin  -  [Kr]4d105s25p2Titanium  -  [Ar]3d24s2Tungsten  -  [Xe]4f145d46s2s2Ununoctium  -  [Rn]5f146d107s27p6Ununpentium  -  [Rn]5f146d107s27p3Ununseptium  -  [Rn]5f146d107s27p5Ununtrium  -  [Rn]5f146d107s27p1Uranium  -  [Rn]5f36d17s2Vanadium  -  [Ar]3d34s2Xenon  -  [Kr]4d105s25p6Ytterbium  -  [Xe]4f146s2Yttrium  -  [Kr]4d15s2Zinc  -  [Ar]3d104s2Zirconium  -  [Kr]4d25s2 Reference: Element data from Wolfram Alpha, retrieved 06/09/2015

UNIQLO Company, Global Marketing Analysis Essay

UNIQLO Company, Global Marketing Analysis - Essay Example 2. The Uppsala Model 8 Section Three 11 Macro environmental analysis 11 Market specific analysis 14 Section Four 16 Market Entry Modes 16 List of references 19 Section One Introduction Uniqlo Company limited is a Japanese clothing company. The name Uniqlo was as a result of the combination of ‘Unique’ and ‘clothing’ (Frankel, 2011). This company specializes in the manufacturing and retailing of casual wear (Uniqlo, 2012). It was first established in 1984 by Tadashi Yanai and opened its first shop in Hiroshima in that same year. The company was originally a division of the Fast retailing Company limited, a retail holding company. Fast retailing company owns many other brands that include Aspesi, foot park, National Standard and Princess Tam-Tam among others (Fast Retailing, 2010). Uniqlo has continued to be in existence in the fashion industry for a long period of time making impact and changing the perceptions people hold of the fashion industry. In 2005 its management restructured it and separated it from Fast Trading Company to form a new wholly owned subsidiary called Uniqlo Company Limited. It was during the same period of time that it became listed on the Tokyo Stock exchange (Fast Retailing, 2010). Uniqlo is currently headed by Yadashi Yanai who was its founder and president but has other managers in the various outlets of the company. History Uniqlo first began its operations in Hiroshima where it opened its first shop in 1984. ... The parent company continued its operations under its original name Ogori Shoji until 1991 when it rebranded to Fast retailing company. Unique began a spirited effort to expand its market and by the end of 1994 the company had over 100 stores in Japan only (Fast Retailing, 2010). The company was fast growing and therefore had to think of strategies that would enable it to continue serving its markets. This necessitated it to come up with the SPA strategies adopted from The Gap- an American retailing giant, which aimed at producing and selling their clothing exclusively (Fast Retailing , 2011). The company then set out for overseas expansion after sales turnover and gross profit from their operations in Japan peaked in 2001, boasting of over 500 stores in Japan only. In 2002, the company established Fast Retailing Apparel Company in china and began operating the first Uniqlo outlet in Shanghai China. Uniqlo then made a huge move in 2002 from the Asian market to venture into the Europe an market and established four outlets in London (Fast Retailing, 2010). The England market proved difficult to work in with as sales were below the company’s expectations. This caused a sharp drop in profits in 2003 and the company began working jointly with other Japanese companies and celebrities in order to boost its dwindling sales. Since 2005, the company has engaged itself in an aggressive expansion plan and has opened stores all over the world including, The United States with stores in New York City, In China with stores in Hong Kong and formed a joint venture with Lotte in order to enter the South Korean Market. It has continued its operations in Europe opening more stores since the profits and sales began to

-Outline and explain the relations between senders and receivers of Essay

-Outline and explain the relations between senders and receivers of communication, focusing on how messages are - Essay Example Communication is said to be complete when immediate feedback of the message is received involving matters speech, body language, emotions and gestures. This process involves at least two persons and it starts when one individual intends to pass a message to another person. Communication starts with crafting of images and ideas in the mind of a person who wants to send the message. This can be a feeling, an idea or even a concept. This part of the communication process is in reflection (Guffey et al., 2013). In order to pass this message to another person, the individual intending to pass the message must be able to translate the crafted images into signs that the intended person of the message will be able to interpret and understand. Signs in communication can be words, sounds and sense, and this is the only way the images in the mind can be expressed in the form of meaningful ideas and passed on to another person. This process is referred to as encoding. Upon encoding the message, it is expected to be transmitted to the person intended, and that is the recipient (Lehman et al., 2011). Transmission of the message can be done in various ways, for example, orally, and this may include one-on-one verbal interaction and use of telephone. The message can also be transmitted through non-verbal means, and this can be done through short messages services, newspapers and letters. Another form of medium includes visual media; finally, the process in which the recipient translates the symbols or wording into such information that he or she can understand is called decoding. Diagrammatic representation of communication process Medium Medium From the diagram above, we can see the process involved in communication right from its initial stage until it reaches the intended audience, i.e. the receiver. The letter X represents encoder while the letter Y represents decoder. This model represents communication process from the person sending to the person receiving it (Barker, 2 010). The relation between Encoder-decoder At this time, the message is interpreted as having a nonfigurative reality which encoding shapes into an actual form that can be conveyed. Decoding has the capacity to reinstate it to its inventive nonfigurative meaning. The two terms, encoding and decoding, mean that text is made up of a number of codes resulting from another text (Wood, 2003).   To deliver a message effectively, the sender and the receiver need to take care of: Maintenance of eye contact to increase message flow and interest in the information; it shows utmost attention and increases the likelihood that feedback will be received in the communication process. It also gives the urge to continue with the communication interaction in a bid to pass information consequently with the right encoding and decoding. Facial expressions, for example, in smiling, while conversing would mean an acceptance of the message by the receiver and vice versa if the recipient has, for instance , a sad face. Gestures should be part and parcel of communication; for example, if the sender is throwing her or his hand with a message like â€Å"Go away!† this should indicate a situation in which the recipient is not needed in that particular place. Proximity, i.e. reasonable distance between the sender and the recipient as regards the channel used. Body language and/or posture, for example, leaning towards the sender, gives a connotation that the

The Go Green Project Environmental Sciences Essay

The Go Green Project Environmental Sciences Essay You might be surprised to hear that going green can mean just starting out with one simple step and then growing from there. Going green does not have to be hard. Dont let the Going Green Snobs turn you off from doing your part to help our planet. Did you know that more items can now be recycled than ever before? Just reusing things and reducing use of non-biodegradable waste can be the go green thing for you. History of the go green concept In Europe, the Industrial Revolution gave rise to modern environmental pollution as it is generally understood today. The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal and other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste. The first large-scale, modern environmental laws came in the form of the British Alkali Acts, passed in 1863, to regulate the deleterious air pollution (gaseous hydrochloric acid) given off by the Leblanc process, used to produce soda ash. Environmentalism grew out of the amenity movement, which was a reaction to industrialization, the growth of cities, and worsening air and water pollution. In Victorian Britain, an early Back-to-Nature movement that anticipated modern environmentalism was advocated by intellectuals such as John Ruskin, William Morris and Edward Carpenter, who were all against consumerism, pollution and other activities that were harmful to the natural world. Their ideas also inspired various proto-environmental groups in the UK, such as the Commons Preservation Society, the Kyrle Society, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Garden city movement, as well as encouraging the Socialist League and The Clarion movement to advocate measures of nature conservation. In the United States, the beginnings of an environmental movement can be traced as far back as 1739, though it was not called environmentalism and was still considered conservation until the 1950s. Benjamin Franklin and other Philadelphia residents, citing public rights, petitioned the Pennsylvania Assembly to stop waste dumping and remove tanneries from Philadelphias commercial district. The US movement expanded in the 1800s, out of concerns for protecting the natural resources of the West, with individuals such as John Muir and Henry David Thoreau making key philosophical contributions. Thoreau was interested in peoples relationship with nature and studied this by living close to nature in a simple life. He published his experiences in the book Walden, which argues that people should become intimately close with nature. Muir came to believe in natures inherent right, especially after spending time hiking in Yosemite Valley and studying both the ecology and geology. He successfully lobbied congress to form Yosemite National Park and went on to set up the Sierra Club. The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature were to become the bedrock of modern environmentalism. In the 20th century, environmental ideas continued to grow in popularity and recognition. Efforts were starting to be made to save some wildlife, particularly the American Bison. The death of the last Passenger Pigeon as well as the endangerment of the American Bison helped to focus the minds of conservationists and popularize their concerns. In 1916 the National Park Service was founded by US President Woodrow Wilson. In 1949, A Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold was published. It explained Leopolds belief that humankind should have moral respect for the environment and that it is unethical to harm it. The book is sometimes called the most influential book on conservation. Throughout the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and beyond, photography was used to enhance public awareness of the need for protecting land and recruiting members to environmental organizations. David Brower, Ansel Adams and Nancy Newhall created the Sierra Club Exhibit Format Series, which helped raise public environmental awareness and brought a rapidly increasing flood of new members to the Sierra Club and to the environmental movement in general. This Is Dinosaur edited by Wallace Stegner with photographs by Martin Litton and Philip Hyde prevented the building of dams within Dinosaur National Monument by becoming part of a new kind of activism called environmentalism that combined the conservationist ideals of Thoreau, Leopold and Muir with hard-hitting advertising, lobbying, book distribution, letter writing campaigns, and more. The powerful use of photography in addition to the written word for conservation dated back to the creation of Yosemite National Park, when photographs convinced Ab raham Lincoln to preserve the beautiful glacier carved landscape for all time. The Sierra Club Exhibit Format Series galvanized public opposition to building dams in the Grand Canyon and protected many other national treasures. The Sierra Club often led a coalition of many environmental groups including the Wilderness Society and many others. After a focus on preserving wilderness in the 1950s and 1960s, the Sierra Club and other groups broadened their focus to include such issues as air and water pollution, population control, and curbing the exploitation of natural resources. In 1962, Silent Spring by American biologist Rachel Carson was published. The book cataloged the environmental impacts of the indiscriminate spraying of DDT in the US and questioned the logic of releasing large amounts of chemicals into the environment without fully understanding their effects on ecology or human health. The book suggested that DDT and other pesticides may cause cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds. The resulting public concern led to the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 which subsequently banned the agricultural use of DDT in the US in 1972. The limited use of DDT in disease vector control continues to this day in certain parts of the world and remains controversial. The books legacy was to produce a far greater awareness of environmental issues and interest into how people affect the environment. With this new interest in environment came interest in problems such as air pollution a nd petroleum spills, and environmental interest grew. New pressure groups formed, notably Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth. In the 1970s, the Chipko movement was formed in India; influenced by Mohandas Gandhi, they set up peaceful resistance to deforestation by literally hugging trees (leading to the term tree huggers). Their peaceful methods of protest and slogan ecology is permanent economy were very influential. By the mid-1970s, many felt that people were on the edge of environmental catastrophe. The Back-to-the-land movement started to form and ideas of environmental ethics joined with anti-Vietnam War sentiments and other political issues. These individuals lived outside normal society and started to take on some of the more radical environmental theories such as deep ecology. Around this time more mainstream environmentalism was starting to show force with the signing of the Endangered Species Act in 1973 and the formation of CITES in 1975. In 1979, James Lovelock, a former NASA scientist, published Gaia: A new look at life on Earth, which put forth the Gaia Hypothesis; it proposes that life on Earth can be understood as a single organism. This became an important part of the Deep Green ideology. Throughout the rest of the history of environmentalism there has been debate and argument between more radical followers of this Deep Green ideology and more mainstream environmentalists. Environmentalism has also changed to deal with new issues such as global warming and genetic engineering. History of the Orchid Hotel EVOLUTION OF ORCHID HOTEL ORGANISATION STRUCTURE Official Name The Orchid five-star ECOTEL ® hotel Category Five-star hotel Location Vile Parle (East), Mumbai, India Opening Date 27 September 1997 Flagship Company Kamat Hotels (India) Limited Rooms 245 Guests 700 Certification ECOTEL ® ISO 2001 and ISO 14001 International Awards 51 Uniqueness Asias first five-star ECOTEL ® hotel The Orchid Hotel, Mumbai, is a deluxe 245-room, five-star hotel. It accommodates 700 guests for receptions and banqueting, and is adjacent to Mumbais domestic and international airport. Having won 51 international awards, The Orchid is a pioneering eco-friendly hotel, and the ISO 14001 certification reflects its concerns for the environment. The property is part of the HRAWI Hotel Group. The Orchid is located in the heart of Mumbai. Its facilities include spacious guest rooms, four charming restaurants, a business centre, meeting rooms, an elaborately equipped fitness club and spa, and an indoor swimming pool. Transparency is another advantage offered by The Orchid. The express check out is enabled by the interactive television installed in each room, which lets guests check their room bills, and place orders and messages. World room Connect allows guests to use the internet by simply plugging in and starting work. Green account The Orchid won the ECOTEL ® Award for its eco-friendly environment. Guests can earn credit points on all expenses incurred during their stay, which can be accumulated to redeem rewards such as holiday packages or gifts. The credit points can also be donated to the green account which supports several eco-friendly causes supported by The Orchid. Eco-rooms The Orchid has five types of room: the deluxe, executive, club prive room and suite, the orchid suite, and the presidential suite. Each room is eco-friendly and includes imported anti-allergy and odour-free carpets, discreet use of wood, paper and plastic, cloth shopping bags, and newspapers and laundry delivered in cane baskets. Coat hangers are made from pressed particle boards, and pens and pencils are made out of recycled cardboard, reprocessed plastic and scrap wood. Hand-crafted, rubber-soled reed slippers are available in the room, as are healthy potted plants instead of cut flowers, a recycle bin and bedside eco button to save energy. The bedside eco button helps guests to save energy and reduce the room bill, and earns the guest a certificate for participation in energy saving. Each guest can also save energy by the discreet use of the key card system. Business enclave Business guests are catered for by the business enclave at the lobby, and the brightly coloured boardrooms in jade, opal and amber. Built with a soundproof surrounding, each room can be used for either meeting or dining. Banqueting facilities are offered as chambers, senates and cascades suitable for seminars, training, residential conferences, product launches and cocktail evenings. EVOLUTION FROM KAMATH BRAND It all started when Late Mr. Venkatesh Krishna Kamat opened a small restaurant at Mazgaon followed by Krishna Bhawan in Mumbais Null Bazaar and from then onwards, there was no looking back for him, adding various landmarks in the city consistently. Kamat Hotels (India), a public listed company, signed a contract with the management of Plaza Hotels Private for a period of 30 years. This facilitated Kamat Hotels to run and upgrade the Kamat Plaza, a four-star hotel near the Santacruz Airport, with effect from 1 April 1994. Kamat Hotels hired the services of architect DM Upasni and hotel interior designer Lynn Wilson. The Kamat Plaza, famed for meeting the needs of international business travellers, and came to be known as The Orchid. It opened to the public on the eve of World Tourism Day, on 27 September 1997. In Asia, The Orchid Hotel Ecotel, Mumbai, was the first to receive the Ecotel certification. Both The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel and VITS have consistent past performance in terms of being in the top three hotels in the city of Mumbai in the respective category in terms of average revenue per room. The flagship hotel The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel has consistently been in the top 5 hotels in all categories in Mumbai in terms of Rev PAR (Revenue per available room). The Orchid was awarded the prestigious ECOTEL ® certification by HVS Eco Services, USA. It also won the Green Globe Award from World Travel Mart in London in 1998, the Green Globe Achievement Award in 2000, the Dr MS Swaminathan Award for environmental protection, the Environment Policy Award 2000 in London, and International Certification from HVS ECO Services of 5 Globe ECOTEL ® status in May 1997 and December 2000. The Orchid received its ISO 14001 Certification on 24 May 2001. VISION MISSION:- To make Kamat Hotels (India) Ltd one of the top three listed hotel companies by earnings by 2015 in India Plan to achieve this? Expansion of brands through self-owned and Management/Franchisee routes Grow in virgin territories where the level of competition is low and market is not tapped to its potential. Merge with smaller hotel chains and grow through acquisition. The man behind the vision: From a humble beginning as a small time restaurant owner to a Chairman and Managing Director, Vithal Kamats journey has definitely been long and arduous. When thirty-five years back, a young lad barely in his teens joined the family restaurant business, not many would have predicted the phenomenal rise of this easy-going man. His rustic charm along with his street-smart acumen and a drive to succeed has made him achieve what he has set out to and is a guiding force. Mr. Vithal V. Kamat He is a visiting faculty of various catering colleges and management institutes like NMIMS, Symbiosis etc. He was felicitated as the best CEO and received a special Indian Express Editors Choice Award for promoting eco-tourism and supporting the healthy cause of environment. Future Plans Having pioneered the Ecotel revolution in the country, Mr. Vithal V. Kamat is all set to transform the hospitality industry in the country with his future projects and is eyeing international markets. PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION:- Expansion Projects: Long Term Agreements with OTDC The Company has signed two lease agreements with Orissa Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) during the year, on completion of successful bidding process and took possession of Mahodadhi Niwas at Puri and Eco Resort at Ramchandi, near Sun Temple at Konark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon. Lease Agreement for Palace at Parikud, Orissa The Company has also acquired, on long term lease basis, Parikud Palace in Orissa for eco- tourism and environmental study for Chilika Lake.   MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS The Company has entered into management contracts and arrangements for providing technical consultancy. The new contracts includesKonark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon. NIRMALAYA COMPOSTING PROJECT Every year Mumbai celebrates Ganesh Utsav a festival honouring the deity Ganpati with great fervour. At the end of the ten-day festival, the idols are usually immersed in the lakes, creeks or the ocean. Along with the idol, are immersed various offerings, which include flowers, garlands and the dà ©cor. The Orchid took the initiative of helping to minimise the damage to our water sources by conducting a project whereby these offerings can be converted into organic manure instead of being dumped directly into the sea. The Orchid, in association with the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation conducted a vermicomposting project of these floral offerings, commonly known as Nirmalaya. This involved collection of floral offerings made during the festive season, composting and creating organic manure. This was then distributed to interested ALMs. Dr. Sangole and Mrs. Sangole of the Pestom Sagar ALM association guided us through the initial process. All-in-all, about 200 tonnes of Nirmalaya was collected and consequently placed in vermiculture pits in a space at the Gorai landfill site provided by the BMC. The Orchid also distributed pamphlets to all the Ganesh Utsav Mandals (stalls) and on the beaches during the immersions extolling all to segregate waste and place the same in the Nirmalaya Kalash. Anti plastic bag campaign Plastic bags of 20 microns and less were creating a serious environmental hazard in the city of Mumbai. It was found that these plastic bags, which were ubiquitous in Mumbai, were choking the drains all over the city. This led to serious flooding problems during the monsoons, and major parts of this city would remain submerged for days on end due to this. Hence the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai decided to tackle this problem on a war footing. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai had from 15th August 2000 banned the use of plastic bags less than 20 microns. It had been publicized by the MCGM that the manufacture, recycling, possession and use of such prohibited bags are a serious offence. Under Section 390 and 394 of Municipal Corporation Act the Traders, Distributors and users can be fined upto Rs. 2000/- for each offence. Also the Shop/Trade Licenses can be cancelled. The manufacturers of these prohibited plastic bags can be fined upto Rs. One lakh and/or imprisoned upto 5 years. The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel, supporting the noble cause of the Municipal Corporations ban on plastic bag had launched an inter-school competition wherein the schools would collect the old plastic bags from their homes and neighborhoods in return of which we would give them a cloth bag. The school collecting the highest average number of bags per child was to be invited to The Orchid for a felicitation followed by Dinner. We sent the concept to 250 schools in Mumbai. We received an overwhelming response from schools who welcomed this initiative of ours with open arms. For this purpose, to coincide with Teachers Day, which falls on 5th September 2000, we also released advertisements in various leading newspapers of Mumbai. The students took the campaign out to their homes and neighborhoods and as a result the awareness about the effects of plastic was spread by word of mouth to 7.8 million citizens of Mumbai. As the campaign made news headlines and was also actively carried by the television news channels the effect of the reach cannot be imagined! Thus a small effort on our part actually made big strides for the environment. The resultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? 43 schools covering 80,000 students, Collected 750 kgs of used plastic bags (Approximately 3000 plastic bags of 20 microns and below make 1 kg) Today, Mumbai has 4.5 million square feet less of thin plastic to worry about! VISSION MISSION:- To make Kamat Hotels (India) Ltd one of the top three listed hotel companies by earnings by 2015 in India Plan to achieve this? Expansion of brands through self-owned and Management/Franchisee routes Grow in virgin territories where the level of competition is low and market is not tapped to its potential. Merge with smaller hotel chains and grow through acquisition. The man behind the vision: From a humble beginning as a small time restaurant owner to a Chairman and Managing Director, Vithal Kamats journey has definitely been long and arduous. When thirty-five years back, a young lad barely in his teens joined the family restaurant business, not many would have predicted the phenomenal rise of this easy-going man. His rustic charm along with his street-smart acumen and a drive to succeed has made him achieve what he has set out to and is a guiding force. Mr. Vithal V. Kamat He is a visiting faculty of various catering colleges and management institutes like NMIMS, Symbiosis etc. He was felicitated as the best CEO and received a special Indian Express Editors Choice Award for promoting eco-tourism and supporting the healthy cause of environment. Future Plans Having pioneered the Ecotel revolution in the country, Mr. Vithal V. Kamat is all set to transform the hospitality industry in the country with his future projects and is eyeing international markets. PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION:- Expansion Projects: Long Term Agreements with OTDC The Company has signed two lease agreements with Orissa Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) during the year, on completion of successful bidding process and took possession of Mahodadhi Niwas at Puri and Eco Resort at Ramchandi, near Sun Temple at Konark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon. Lease Agreement for Palace at Parikud, Orissa The Company has also acquired, on long term lease basis, Parikud Palace in Orissa for eco- tourism and environmental study for Chilika Lake.   MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS The Company has entered into management contracts and arrangements for providing technical consultancy. The new contracts includesKonark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon. VISSION MISSION:- NIRMALAYA COMPOSTING PROJECT Every year Mumbai celebrates Ganesh Utsav a festival honouring the deity Ganpati with great fervour. At the end of the ten-day festival, the idols are usually immersed in the lakes, creeks or the ocean. Along with the idol, are immersed various offerings, which include flowers, garlands and the dà ©cor. The Orchid took the initiative of helping to minimise the damage to our water sources by conducting a project whereby these offerings can be converted into organic manure instead of being dumped directly into the sea. The Orchid, in association with the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation conducted a vermicomposting project of these floral offerings, commonly known as Nirmalaya. This involved collection of floral offerings made during the festive season, composting and creating organic manure. This was then distributed to interested ALMs. Dr. Sangole and Mrs. Sangole of the Pestom Sagar ALM association guided us through the initial process. All-in-all, about 200 tonnes of Nirmalaya w as collected and consequently placed in vermiculture pits in a space at the Gorai landfill site provided by the BMC. The Orchid also distributed pamphlets to all the Ganesh Utsav Mandals (stalls) and on the beaches during the immersions extolling all to segregate waste and place the same in the Nirmalaya Kalash. Anti plastic bag campaign Plastic bags of 20 microns and less were creating a serious environmental hazard in the city of Mumbai. It was found that these plastic bags, which were ubiquitous in Mumbai, were choking the drains all over the city. This led to serious flooding problems during the monsoons, and major parts of this city would remain submerged for days on end due to this. Hence the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai decided to tackle this problem on a war footing. The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai had from 15th August 2000 banned the use of plastic bags less than 20 microns. It had been publicized by the MCGM that the manufacture, recycling, possession and use of such prohibited bags are a serious offence. Under Section 390 and 394 of Municipal Corporation Act the Traders, Distributors and users can be fined upto Rs. 2000/- for each offence. Also the Shop/Trade Licenses can be cancelled. The manufacturers of these prohibited plastic bags can be fined upto Rs. One lakh and/or imprisoned upto 5 years. The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel, supporting the noble cause of the Municipal Corporations ban on plastic bag had launched an inter-school competition wherein the schools would collect the old plastic bags from their homes and neighborhoods in return of which we would give them a cloth bag. The school collecting the highest average number of bags per child was to be invited to The Orchid for a felicitation followed by Dinner. We sent the concept to 250 schools in Mumbai. We received an overwhelming response from schools who welcomed this initiative of ours with open arms. For this purpose, to coincide with Teachers Day, which falls on 5th September 2000, we also released advertisements in various leading newspapers of Mumbai. The students took the campaign out to their homes and neighborhoods and as a result the awareness about the effects of plastic was spread by word of mouth to 7.8 million citizens of Mumbai. As the campaign made news headlines and was also actively carried by the television news channels the effect of the reach cannot be imagined! Thus a small effort on our part actually made big strides for the environment. The resultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? 43 schools covering 80,000 students, Collected 750 kgs of used plastic bags (Approximately 3000 plastic bags of 20 microns and below make 1 kg) Today, Mumbai has 4.5 million square feet less of thin plastic to worry about!