World War II USS Essex CV-9

World War II USS Essex CV-9 USS Essex Overview Country: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: April 28, 1941Launched: July 31, 1942Commissioned: December 31, 1942Fate: Scrapped USS Essex Specifications Relocation: 27,100 tonsLength: 872 ft.Beam: 147 ft., 6 in.Draft: 28 ft., 5 in.Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€"boilers, 4 Ãâ€"Westinghouse equipped steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€"shaftsSpeed: 33 knotsRange: 20,000 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,600 men USS Essex Armament 4 Ãâ€"twin 5 inch 38 bore guns4 Ãâ€"single 5 inch 38 gauge guns8 Ãâ€"fourfold 40 mm 56 bore guns46 Ãâ€"single 20 mm 78 bore firearms Airplane 90-100 airplane Plan Construction Planned during the 1920s and mid 1930s, the US Navys Lexington-and Yorktown-class plane carrying warships were worked to fit in with the restrictions set out by the Washington Naval Treaty. This understanding set limitations on the tonnage of different kinds of warships just as constrained each signatory’s by and large tonnage. These kinds of limitations were avowed through the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As worldwide strains expanded, Japan and Italy left the understanding in 1936. With the breakdown of the arrangement framework, the US Navy started building up a plan for another, bigger class of plane carrying warship and one which consolidated the exercises gained from the Yorktown-class. The subsequent structure was longer and more extensive just as fused a deck-edge lift framework. This had been utilized beforehand on USS Wasp. Notwithstanding conveying a bigger air gathering, the new class had an incredibly improved enemy of airplane weapon. With the entry of the Naval Expansion Act on May 17, 1938, the US Navy pushed ahead with the development of two new transporters. The first, USS Hornet (CV-8), was worked to the Yorktown-class standard while the second, USS Essex (CV-9), was to be built utilizing the new plan. While work immediately initiated on Hornet, Essex and two extra vessels of its group, were not officially requested until July 3, 1940. Allocated to the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, development of Essex initiated on April 28, 1941. With the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor and the US passage into World War II that December, work increased on the new bearer. Propelled on July 31, 1942, Essex finished fitting out and entered commission on December 31 with Captain Donald B. Duncan in order. Excursion to the Pacific Subsequent to spending the spring of 1943 leading investigation and preparing travels, Essex withdrew for the Pacific in May. After a concise stop at Pearl Harbor, the bearer joined Task Force 16 for assaults against Marcus Island before turning into the lead of Task Force 14. Striking Wake Island and Rabaul that fall, Essex cruised with Task Group 50.3 in November to help in the attack of Tarawa. Moving to the Marshalls, it bolstered Allied powers during the Battle of Kwajalein in January-February 1944. Later in February, Essex joined Rear Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58. This development mounted a progression of massively effective assaults against the Japanese dock at Truk on February 17-18. Steaming north, Mitschers transporters at that point propelled a few assaults against Guam, Tinian, and Saipan in the Marianas. Finishing this activity, Essex withdrew TF58 and cruised to San Francisco for an update. Quick Carrier Task Force Setting out Air Group Fifteen, drove by future US Navy top-scorer Commander David McCampbell, Essex led strikes against Marcus and Wake Islands before rejoining TF58, otherwise called the Fast Carrier Task Force, for the intrusion of the Marianas. Supporting American powers as they assaulted Saipan in mid-June, the bearers airplane participated in the vital Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19-20. With the finish of the crusade in the Marianas, Essex moved south to help in Allied activities against Peleliu in September. Subsequent to enduring a tropical storm in October, the transporter mounted assaults on the Okinawa and Formosa before steaming south to give spread to the arrivals on Leyte in the Philippines. Working off the Philippines in late October, Essex took an interest in the Battle of Leyte Gulf which saw American airplane sink four Japanese transporters. Last Campaigns of World War II In the wake of renewing at Ulithi, Essex assaulted Manila and different pieces of Luzon in November. On November 25, the transporter supported its first wartime harm when a kamikaze struck the port side of the flight deck. Making fixes, Essex stayed at the front and its airplane directed strikes across Mindoro during December. In January 1945, the bearer bolstered Allied arrivals at Lingayen Gulf just as propelled a progression of strikes against Japanese situations in the Philippine Sea including Okinawa, Formosa, Sakishima, and Hong Kong. In February, the Fast Carrier Task Force moved north and assaulted the territory around Tokyo before supporting in the intrusion of Iwo Jima. In March, Essex cruised west and started tasks to help the arrivals on Okinawa. The bearer stayed on station close to the island until late May. In the wars last weeks, Essex and other American bearers led strikes against the Japanese home islands. With the wars end on September 2, Essex got requests to crui se for Bremerton, WA. Showing up, the bearer was deactivated and put available for later on January 9, 1947. Korean War After a short time for possible later use, Essex initiated a modernization program to all the more likely permit it to take the US Navys stream airplane and improve its general adequacy. This saw the expansion of another flight deck and a modified island. Re-appointed on January 16, 1951, Essex started investigation moves off Hawaii before steaming west to partake in the Korean War. Filling in as the leader of Carrier Division 1 and Task Force 77, the bearer appeared the McDonnell F2H Banshee. Directing strikes and bolster missions for United Nations powers, Essexs airplane assaulted over the promontory and as far north as the Yalu River. That September, the bearer continued harmed when one its Banshees collided with other airplane at hand. Coming back to support after brief fixes, Essex directed an aggregate of three visits during the contention. With the finish of the war, it stayed in the district and partook in the Peace Patrol and departure of the Tachen Islands. Later Assignments Coming back to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in 1955, Essex started a huge SCB-125 modernization program which incorporated the establishment of a calculated flight deck, lift movements, and establishment of a typhoon bow. Joining the US Pacific Fleet in March 1956, Essex to a great extent worked in American waters until being moved to the Atlantic. After NATO practices in 1958, it redeployed to the Mediterranean with the US Sixth Fleet. That July, ​Essex bolstered the US Peace Force in Lebanon. Withdrawing the Mediterranean in mid 1960, the bearer steamed to Rhode Island where it experienced a change to an enemy of submarine fighting help transporter. Through the rest of the year, Essex directed an assortment of preparing missions as the leader of Carrier Division 18 and Antisubmarine Carrier Group 3. The boat likewise partook in NATO and CENTO practices which took it to the Indian Ocean. In April 1961, plain airplane from Essex flew surveillance and escort missions over Cuba during the bombed Bay of Pigs attack. Soon thereafter, the bearer led an altruism voyage through Europe with port brings in the Netherlands, West Germany, and Scotland. Following a refit at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1962, Essex got requests to authorize the maritime isolate of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. On station for a month, the transporter helped in keeping extra Soviet materials from arriving at the island. The following four years saw the transporter satisfy peacetime obligations. This demonstrated a calm period until November 1966, when Essex slammed into the submarine USS Nautilus. Despite the fact that the two vessels were harmed, they had the option to securely make port. After two years, Essex filled in as the recuperation stage for Apollo 7. Steaming north of Puerto Rico, its helicopters recouped the case just as space travelers Walter M. Schirra, Donn F. Eisele, and R. Walter Cunningham. Progressively old, the US Navy chose to resign Essex in 1969. Decommissioned on June 30, it was expelled from the Navy Vessel Register on June 1, 1973. Quickly held in mothballs, Essex was sold for scrap in 1975. Chosen Sources DANFS: USS Essex (CV-9)USS Essex Association